What is a litigation hold (legal hold, preservation order or hold order)? (2024)

By

  • Robert Sheldon
  • Stephen J. Bigelow,Senior Technology Editor

A litigation hold -- also known as legal hold, preservation order or hold order -- is an internal process that an organization undergoes to preserve all data that might relate to a legal action involving the organization. A litigation hold temporary suspends the normal retention policies applicable to data to ensure that the data is available for the discovery process prior to litigation.

An organization is required by law to preserve all relevant data when it learns of a triggering event, such as a pending or imminent legal action or when litigation is reasonably anticipated, e.g., when a faulty product causes injury. A litigation hold prevents spoliation -- destruction, alteration or mutilation of evidence. Its goal is to ensure that a plaintiff has fair access to any information that might be relevant to the litigation.

A legal hold applies to both hard copies of documents and to electronically stored information (ESI). Hard copies can include logs, notes, forms, bulletins, photographs, appointment books, printed emails and any other type of physical records. ESI can include any relevant electronic data, no matter its format or how it's stored.

What is a litigation hold (legal hold, preservation order or hold order)? (1)

The bulk of today's data is stored electronically and can add up to a substantial amount. It might include emails, contact lists, text messages, spreadsheets, presentations, word processing documents, application source files, social media posts, databases or other data stores, video and audio recordings, and anything else that can be electronically stored and is related to the litigation.

An organization's legal team -- whether internal or external -- typically initiates a litigation hold. When the team learns of a triggering event, it sends out a legal hold notification to appropriate custodians, data stewards and other key players. A hold notification usually provides an overview of the situation, describes the recipient's obligations and specifies what data must be preserved. It might include other information, such as who to contact if the recipient has any questions.

The notification itself represents only one in a series of steps taken during the litigation hold process:

  1. The legal team becomes aware of a triggering event and immediately launches the litigation hold process.
  2. With the help of IT and data stewards, the legal team identifies what data must be preserved and the custodians for that data.
  3. The legal team drafts the litigation hold notification and carefully reviews it.
  4. The legal team sends the notification to custodians, data stewards and other key players.
  5. The recipients acknowledge receipt of the notification.
  6. The legal team follows up with any recipients who do not acknowledge receipt of the notification, escalating the issue as necessary.
  7. The recipients carry out whatever operations are necessary to protect the data.
  8. During the course of the litigation, the legal team sends periodic reminders to custodians to inform them they're still under legal hold.
  9. After the legal matter is resolved, the legal team sends a notice to the recipients releasing them of the litigation hold.

The exact approach varies depending on the organization and circ*mstances. Throughout this process, however, the legal team and other responsible parties need to track and document all steps to ensure a defensible legal hold process in case their approach to data protection, including but not limited to data archiving, is called into question.

If an organization fails to demonstrate a defensible process, it could face stiff penalties and be at a significant legal disadvantage.

Larger organizations often use legal hold software to automate many of these steps, making it easier to notify recipients and track everyone's activity. In addition, some storage systems and data-driven platforms include litigation hold features that can override existing retention and deletion rules, preventing alteration or destruction of the data until the legal action is resolved.

See enterprise content management best practices for deployment and best practices when preparing for an e-discovery request.

This was last updated in May 2022

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What is a litigation hold (legal hold, preservation order or hold order)? (2024)

FAQs

What is a litigation hold (legal hold, preservation order or hold order)? ›

A legal hold (also known as a litigation hold) is a notification sent from an organization's legal team to employees instructing them not to delete electronically stored information (ESI) or discard paper documents that may be relevant to a new or imminent legal case.

What is a legal or litigation hold? ›

A legal hold, also known as a litigation hold, is the process by which organizations preserve potentially relevant information when litigation is pending or reasonably anticipated. By issuing a legal hold, organizations notify custodians about their duty not to delete ESI or physical documents relevant to a case.

What is the difference between a litigation hold and an order of preservation? ›

Sometimes referred to as a "preservation order," a litigation hold suspends normal record retention periods and requires that records be maintained and not tampered with from that point forward until the hold is lifted.

What is a preservation hold? ›

A preservation hold ensures that original copies, prior to any edits or deletions, of emails and files are preserved in the Google Vault or a Microsoft 365 Preservation Library.

How do you respond to a litigation hold letter? ›

If you get one of these, the best response is to first contact your business attorney. The notice should be as specific as is reasonably possible. The purpose is to put a business on notice that the data identified in the letter might be needed in a dispute. Beware that ignoring the notice can be problematic.

What is a record preservation order? ›

A preservation letter may also be called a preservation order, a litigation hold, or a hold order. This is a letter instructing the recipient not to destroy, alter, or delete any documents helpful to the sender. This letter is critical in today's world where most documents are electronically stored.

What is a litigation hold for dummies? ›

Sometimes called a legal hold, a litigation hold is a notice that requires an organization or individual to properly preserve electronically stored information (ESI) and documents that may be relevant to anticipated or pending litigation.

What happens when you create a litigation hold? ›

Here's what happens when you create a Litigation hold. Items that are permanently deleted by the user are retained in the Recoverable Items folder in the user's mailbox for the duration of the hold. Items that are purged from the Recoverable Items folder by the user are retained for the duration of the hold.

What triggers litigation hold? ›

Each legal expedition is unique, and the triggers for a legal hold may vary depending on the circ*mstances at hand. Whether it is the reasonable anticipation of litigation, notice of claims, regulatory investigations, or compliance obligations, pay heed to these signals, and set sail on the path of preservation.

Is legal hold same as litigation hold? ›

By imposing a legal hold, also known as a litigation hold or preservation obligation, organizations ensure that potentially important data is retained and not altered or deleted.

What is a legal hold preservation of evidence? ›

A legal hold is a notice issued to all affected personnel (custodians) communicating their legal obligation to preserve potentially relevant evidence. This may be in the form of physical or electronically stored information.

How can you verify if there is a current preservation hold? ›

You can also check what retention stage currently an item is residing in, by navigating through the site -> site contents -> Preservation Hold Library -> Select an item -> More options -> Compliance details.

How do you delete from preservation hold? ›

To delete a preservation hold setting, delete all projects using the setting first. To learn how to delete projects, see Deleting a project. Once the projects have been deleted, navigate to the Preservation Hold Setting and click the Delete button. This action deletes the preservation hold setting from Legal Hold.

Who sends a litigation hold letter? ›

A litigation hold letter during a divorce will likely come directly after the initial filing of the Petition for Dissolution of Marriage in California. If your spouse hired an attorney, the attorney will issue this letter almost immediately.

How long is litigation hold? ›

Best practices for Office 365 litigation hold

An admin can set Litigation Holds on mailboxes as soon as an employee is hired and keep them enacted for a set amount of time desired by the organization. Office365 enables Litigation Holds of up to one year (365 days).

What does it mean when I receive a litigation hold notice? ›

A litigation hold is a written directive advising custodians of certain documents and electronically-stored information (“ESI”) to preserve potentially relevant evidence in anticipation of future litigation.

What happens after a legal hold? ›

After the eDiscovery legal hold has been issued, all the custodians need to send an acknowledgment of the same. You must keep receipts of these acknowledgments that will help prove that the custodians had an understanding of what their obligations were.

What is another name for a litigation hold? ›

Also known as a legal hold, document hold, hold order, or preservation order.

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